Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, iintlobo ezintsha zezixhobo zoqhagamshelwano zokutya zihlala zivela kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye i-silicone yenye yazo.Umzekelo, ii-silicone spatulas zokuqhotsa, ukubumba ukwenza amaqebengwana e-pastry, imisesane yokutywina ye-tableware, kunye neemveliso zabantwana ezifana ne-pacifiers, i-straws, kunye neebrashi zamazinyo zonke zenziwe nge-silicone.Njengomathiriyeli we-adsorption osebenza kakhulu, izixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya ezenziwe nge-silicone zineempawu zobunzima, i-anti drop, kulula ukuyicoca, kwaye ingagqwali, kwaye ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi abasukela impilo.Kodwa abathengi abaninzi banenkxalabo yokuba izitya ze-silicone eziye zavezwa kumaqondo aphezulu ixesha elide, zidibana nokutya okunamafutha kunye ne-acidic eninzi, kwaye zidibene ngokuthe ngqo nokutya, kuya kwenzeka ukufuduka kweplastiki kunye nemvula yentsimbi enzima. ngexesha lokupheka?Ingakanani imali "yemvula"?Ngaba inetyhefu emzimbeni womntu ukuba ityiwe?Ngaba kukho nasiphi na isiqinisekiso somgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso ze-silicone?
Ukuze uqonde ubume bomgangatho wemihlakulo ye-silicone kunye nokubumba kwe-silicone ezithengiswa kwimarike ye-Qingdao kwaye unike abathengi ngolwazi oluyinyani noluthembekileyo lwemveliso, iKomishoni yoKhuseleko lwabaThengi bakaMasipala waseQingdao yasungula ngokusesikweni iimvavanyo zokuthelekisa ezinye iifotsholo ze-silicone kunye neemveliso zokubumba ze-silicone ekupheleni 2021. Ngentsasa ye-9 kaMatshi ngentsimbi ye-10, inkqubo enkulu yokwazisa ngesayensi "iLabhoratri yabathengi" ngokudibeneyo eyenziwe yiKomishoni yoKhuseleko lwabathengi bakaMasipala waseQingdao, iQingdao Municipal Quality Inspection Institute, kunye nePeninsula Urban Daily yasungula "i-3.15 Special Special UHlelo", olungene kwibhubhoratri ebonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali kwaye yahlasela ngokuthe ngqo indawo yovavanyo "ukubamba" ukufuduka kwe-silicone kitchenware ngexesha lokupheka kobushushu obuphezulu.
Itotali yenani leisampulu zolu vavanyo lothelekiso ziibhetshi ezingama-20, zonke ezithe zathengwa ngamalungu abasebenzi beKhomishini yoKhuseleko lwabathengi baseQingdao njengabathengi abaqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga ezinkulu, iivenkile ezinkulu, kunye namaqonga okuthenga e-e-commerce afana ne-JD. kunye neTmall eQingdao.Phakathi kwazo, iibhetshi ze-10 zefosholo ze-silicone zivela kwiindawo zokuthenga ngaphandle kwe-intanethi;Iibhetshi ezili-10 zokubumba i-silicone, iibhetshi ezisi-7 ezivela kudederhu lweevenkile ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, kunye neebhetshi ezi-3 ezivela kudederhu lweevenkile ezikwi-Intanethi.
Uvavanyo lokuvavanya lwenziwa kwi-Qingdao Product Quality Inspection and Research Institute, kwaye izinto zokuvavanya zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate, ukufuduka ngokupheleleyo, isinyithi esinzima (kwi-Pb), ukufuduka kwe-plasticizer (DEHP, DAP, DINP, DBP), kunye nezinto ezidluliswayo ( antimony Sb, arsenic As, barium Ba, cadmium Cd, chromium Cr, lead Pb, mercury Hg, selenium Se).Imigangatho ibandakanya i-GB 4806.11-2016 "Umgangatho woKhuseleko loKutya kweSizwe kwiiMpahla zeRubber kunye neeMveliso eziQhagamshelana noKutya", GB 9685-2016 "Umgangatho woKhuseleko lokuTya lweSizwe lokuSetyenziswa kweZongezo ngokuNxibelelana noKutya kunye neMveliso", i-GB 31604.30-2016 "Umgangatho weSizwe woKhuseleko lokuTya ekuQiniselweni kunye nokuFuduka kweePhthalates ngokuQhagamshelana neZibonelelo zokutya kunye neeMveliso" GB 6675.4-2014 "Ukhuseleko lweeToys - Icandelo 4: Ukufuduka kwezinto eziKhethekileyo", njl.
Kulo shicilelo lwe "Consumer Lab", siya kuhlola ngokuthe ngqo ukufuduka kwe-silicone kitchenware ngexesha lokupheka, ukutyhila uhlobo lwalo lwangaphambili, oluyi-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-eye-peathing experience.Ukuphendula kwizinto ezinobungozi ezinje ngesinyithi esinzima kunye neeplastiki ezibaxhalabisa kakhulu abemi kunye nabathengi, uvavanyo lunyuse ngokukodwa uvavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa okujoliswe kuyo kunye nezichanekileyo, usebenzisa isayensi ukubuyisela inyaniso.
UHan Bing, intloko yeprojekthi yokuthelekisa yovavanyo lweKomishoni yoKhuseleko lwaBathengi kaMasipala waseQingdao, kunye noSun Chunpeng, injineli ephuma kwiQingdao Municipal Quality Inspection Institute, bandwendwele igumbi losasazo eliphilayo le "Consumer Laboratory" ukukhupha iziphumo zokugqibela ze ulinge kunye nokubonelela ngesikhokelo esigunyazisiweyo somthengi.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iziphumo zolu vavanyo oluthelekisayo zinoxanduva kuphela kwiisampuli kwaye azibonisi umgangatho wezinye iimodeli okanye iibhetshi zophawu.Akukho yunithi ivumelekileyo ukuba isebenzise iziphumo zovavanyo lothelekiso kupapasho ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso;'Ixabiso' lesampulu lixabiso lokuthenga kuphela ngelo xesha.
Kwilabhoratri yenyama kunye neekhemikhali ye-Qingdao Quality Inspection Institute, iibhetshi ezingama-20 zeesampulu ze-silicone zemveliso zathunyelwa kuqala kwi-oven ye-220 degree kwaye zaguga emoyeni oshushu iiyure ezili-10, zilinganisa indawo yobushushu obuphezulu beemveliso ze-silicone ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.Emva kweeyure ezili-10, khupha iisampuli ezingama-20 kwaye uzipholise.Sika indawo ethile yejeli ye-silica ukusuka kwisampuli nganye ye-20 ngokomlinganiselo othile wokulinga ukulungiselela isampuli.
Isampulu evavanyiweyo ubudala kumoya oshushu kwi-220 ° C iiyure ezili-10
Xa usebenzisa i-silicone spatulas kunye nokubumba, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubemi kukuba ingaba into iya kufuduka.Iprojekthi yovavanyo 'yomfuduko iyonke' inokubamba ngokuchanekileyo isixa sezinto ezingaguquguqukiyo kwimathiriyeli yoqhagamshelwano lokutya efudukela ekutyeni.
Ndabona amagcisa aselabhoratri entywilisela i-silicone esikiweyo kwisilinganisi sokutya se-4% ye-acetic acid kunye ne-50% ye-ethanol, ifakwe iiyure ezi-4 kwi-100 ℃, kwaye emva koko ibeka isisombululo sokufunxa kwisitya esiphuphumayo de ibe ngumphunga ukuya komile.Ngeli xesha, ezinye zezantsi kwesitya esiphuphumayo zibonakala zihlanjululwe ngononophelo, zingenabala;Ezinye zingabonwa ngeso lenyama kunye nenani elincinci le-residu emhlophe eqhotyoshelweyo, ebonakala ngathi "isikali".
Intsalela ephantsi kwesitya esiphuphumayo kukuphuma kweemveliso ze-silicone
Ukusebenzisa i-acetic acid kunye ne-ethanol ukulinganisa indawo enamafutha kunye ne-acidic apho izitya ze-silicone ziphekwa khona, intsalela ebonwa ngumntu wonke zizinto ezingenakuguquka eziphuma ngaphandle.“USun Chunpeng, injineli evela kwiQingdao Quality Inspection Institute, wazisa ukuba izinto ezingaguquguqukiyo kwizixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya zifudukela ekutyeni, ezinokuvelisa ngokulula amavumba, zichaphazela incasa yokutya kwaye zichaphazela impilo yabantu.
Nangona kunjalo, idatha yokufuduka iyonke efunyenwe kwiibhetshi ezingama-20 ze-rubber spatula kunye neesampulu ze-silicone zokubumba kolu vavanyo zisaqinisekisa kakhulu - ukufuduka okupheleleyo kwe-silicone spatula kugxininiswe kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-1.5 mg / i-decimeter yesikwere ukuya kwi-3.0 mg / i-square decimeter. , ngelixa ukufuduka okupheleleyo kwe-silicone mold kugxininiswe kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-1.0 mg / i-square decimeter ukuya kwi-2.0 mg / i-square decimeter, zonke ezihlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wesizwe we-GB 4806.11-2016 (≤ 10 mg / i-square decimeter).Ukongezelela, iziphumo zokufuduka ngokupheleleyo kwe-silicone spatula kunye ne-silicone mold ayizange ibonise utshintsho lwesiqhelo kunye nexabiso lesampuli.
Uvavanyo "lokusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate" lolunye uvavanyo olunokwenza ukuba ukufuduka kweemveliso ze-silicone "kubonise uhlobo lwazo lwangaphambili".Abasebenzi bovavanyo bantywilisela ijeli yesilica esikiweyo emanzini kwi-60 ℃ iiyure ezi-2.Isisombululo sokuntywila saxutywa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, kwaye ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate ekugqibeleni lagqitywa ngokutshintshwa kombala, izibalo zedosi, njl.
Intsalela ephantsi kwesitya esiphuphumayo kukuphuma kweemveliso ze-silicone
Ukusebenzisa i-acetic acid kunye ne-ethanol ukulinganisa indawo enamafutha kunye ne-acidic apho izitya ze-silicone ziphekwa khona, intsalela ebonwa ngumntu wonke zizinto ezingenakuguquka eziphuma ngaphandle.“USun Chunpeng, injineli evela kwiQingdao Quality Inspection Institute, wazisa ukuba izinto ezingaguquguqukiyo kwizixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya zifudukela ekutyeni, ezinokuvelisa ngokulula amavumba, zichaphazela incasa yokutya kwaye zichaphazela impilo yabantu.
Nangona kunjalo, idatha yokufuduka iyonke efunyenwe kwiibhetshi ezingama-20 ze-rubber spatula kunye neesampulu ze-silicone zokubumba kolu vavanyo zisaqinisekisa kakhulu - ukufuduka okupheleleyo kwe-silicone spatula kugxininiswe kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-1.5 mg / i-decimeter yesikwere ukuya kwi-3.0 mg / i-square decimeter. , ngelixa ukufuduka okupheleleyo kwe-silicone mold kugxininiswe kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-1.0 mg / i-square decimeter ukuya kwi-2.0 mg / i-square decimeter, zonke ezihlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wesizwe we-GB 4806.11-2016 (≤ 10 mg / i-square decimeter).Ukongezelela, iziphumo zokufuduka ngokupheleleyo kwe-silicone spatula kunye ne-silicone mold ayizange ibonise utshintsho lwesiqhelo kunye nexabiso lesampuli.
Uvavanyo "lokusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate" lolunye uvavanyo olunokwenza ukuba ukufuduka kweemveliso ze-silicone "kubonise uhlobo lwazo lwangaphambili".Abasebenzi bovavanyo bantywilisela ijeli yesilica esikiweyo emanzini kwi-60 ℃ iiyure ezi-2.Isisombululo sokuntywila saxutywa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, kwaye ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate ekugqibeleni lagqitywa ngokutshintshwa kombala, izibalo zedosi, njl.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate kwifotsholo ze-silicone kugxininiswe kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-2.0 mg / kg ukuya kwi-3.0 mg / kg, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate kwi-silicone molds kugxininiswe kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-1.5 mg / kg. ukuya kwi-2.5 mg / kg, ehlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wesizwe we-GB 4806.11-2016 (≤ 10 mg / kg).Amaxabiso afunyenweyo okusetyenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate kwifotsholo ze-silicone kunye ne-silicone molds ayizange ibonise utshintsho lwesiqhelo kunye namaxabiso esampuli.
>>> Uhlalutyo lwesixhobo: Iintsimbi ezinzima zichongiwe, kwaye ixabiso lobungakanani lihambelana nemigangatho yesizwe
Ngaba i-silicone kitchenware iya kukhupha izinto ezinobuthi ezinjengezinyithi ezinzima kunye neplastiki ngexesha lokupheka?Le yenye inkxalabo enkulu kubemi.Uvavanyo lokufumanisa isinyithi esinzima kunye neeplastiki zohlulwe zibe ngamanyathelo amabini amakhulu: ukulungiswa kwesampulu yesandla kunye nohlalutyo kunye nezixhobo zokubona.Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba njengoko iintsimbi ezinzima ziyinkxalabo kubathengi, olu vavanyo lonyuse ngokukodwa ubhaqo lwesinyithi esinzima.
Ngokweemfuno zomgangatho ogunyazisiweyo wesizwe we-GB 4806.11-2016 "IiMpahla zeRubha eziKhuselekileyo zoKutya kunye neeMveliso eziQhagamshelana noKutya", emva kovavanyo kunye nokuhlalutya, zonke iziphumo zetsimbi enzima (ezibalwe njengesikhokelo) izinto zovavanyo zeebhetshi ezingama-20. iifotsholo ze-silicone kunye ne-silicone molds ziyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-18-2023
